These varieties can be used as potential parents to improve the largely cultivated high-yielding varieties for the evolving nutritional market. All these indicate the higher variability for nutrients and aroma in traditional varieties. The traditional varieties Seeraga samba and Kichilli samba had the highest azulene and oleic acid, respectively. Traditional varieties had key phenolic compounds, stearic acid, butyric acid, and glycidyl oleate, which are absent in the modern varieties. However, all the traditional varieties had higher linoleic acid (10.0–28.0%) than the modern varieties (6.0–8.5%). ![]() The modern varieties recorded the highest palmitic acid contents (28.7–33.7%) than the traditional varieties (11.1–20.6%). Of all the fatty acid compounds, palmitic acid, elaidic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid predominantly varied in the range of 11.1–33.7, 6.1–31.1, 6.0–28.0, and 0.7–15.1%, respectively. Interestingly, most of the identified predominant components were not identical, which indicate the latent variation among the rice varieties. ![]() The identified volatile compounds in the 10 rice varieties belong to the chemical classes of fatty acids, terpenes, alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, phenols, esters, amides, and others. Thirty-one VOCs were estimated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). ![]() The present study was aimed to evaluate the total phenolic content (TPC) and to profile all the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of eight popular traditional and two modern rice varieties cultivated in South India. Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major cereal crops cultivated across the world, particularly in Southeast Asia with 95% of global production.
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